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December 4, 2023

Budget, Debt, and Deficits
The U.S. National Debt Dilemma

With the U.S. national debt already exceeding $16 trillion, President Trump’s tax reform and budget deals with Congress have added to the country’s deficits. CFR explores the origins of the national debt, the risks it presents, and the outlook for change.

An exterior view of the U.S. Treasury building from below
Backgrounder by James McBride, Noah Berman, and Anshu Siripurapu Renewing America

May 15, 2024

China
Religion in China

A significant proportion of China’s population claims to follow a religion. However, the government continues to toughen oversight, increase persecution of some religions, and attempt to co-opt state…

Chinese Hui Muslim women gather for a group photo before a flag raising ceremony before Eid al-Fitr prayers at the historic Niujie Mosque on April 22, 2023 in Beijing, China.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

October 26, 2005

United States
Recruitment Woes for U.S. Guard and Reserve

This publication is now archived. The current crisisThe war in Iraq is the United States’ first sustained conflict since the military shifted to an all-volunteer force in 1973. As the casualty count …

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner

October 17, 2007

Democracy
Plans for Iraq’s Future: Federalism, Separatism, and Partition

A Senate proposal calling for the restructuring of Iraq’s government has drawn fire from Iraqis who liken it to partition. Amid the criticism have emerged other controversial options.

Backgrounder by Greg Bruno

January 17, 2024

Technology and Innovation
The Crypto Question: Bitcoin, Digital Dollars, and the Future of Money

The dizzying rise of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has created new challenges for governments and central banks. Increasing popularity and high levels of market volatility have raised the stakes…

A technician inspects the backside of a bitcoin mining operation in Quebec, Canada.
Backgrounder by Anshu Siripurapu and Noah Berman Renewing America

September 20, 2023

Infrastructure
The State of U.S. Infrastructure

The Joe Biden administration is implementing the largest federal investment in infrastructure in decades. Here’s why infrastructure matters for U.S. economic competitiveness.

Construction workers building a pedestrian bridge are viewed from above.
Backgrounder by James McBride, Noah Berman, and Anshu Siripurapu Renewing America