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March 8, 2022

Ukraine
Preventing a Wider European Conflict

To prevent Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine from escalating into a wider European conflict, Thomas Graham recommends that the United States bolster its deterrence efforts with NATO partners, whil…

Russian servicemen drive tanks during military exercises in the Leningrad Region, Russia.

January 9, 2013

Kenya
Electoral Violence in Kenya

Introduction Kenya is at risk of repeating the violence that marred its 2007 presidential election, during which 1,133 died and nearly 600,000 were displaced from their homes. Political order in K…

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September 23, 2015

Territorial Disputes
A China-Vietnam Military Clash

Introduction The risk of a military confrontation between China and Vietnam is rising. Although the two countries have enjoyed close party-to-party ties for decades, since 2011 they have both asse…

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June 14, 2019

Venezuela
Stabilizing Venezuela: Scenarios and Options

The Venezuelan crisis threatens the interests and security of the United States and Venezuela's neighbors. The United States and regional partners need to provide humanitarian relief and security assistance and accelerate change to a post-Maduro democracy.

An opposition demonstrator walks near a bus in flames during clashes with soldiers loyal to Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro in the surroundings of La Carlota military base in Caracas on April 30, 2019.

April 11, 2012

South China Sea
Armed Clash in the South China Sea

In April 2015, the author wrote an update to this memo to reflect recent developments in the South China Sea. Read the update. Introduction The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is signif…

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