Explainers

Backgrounders

Authoritative, accessible, and regularly updated primers on hundreds of foreign policy topics.

Taiwan

Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense

Differences over Taiwan’s status have fueled rising tensions between the island and the mainland. Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations.

Energy and Environment

How the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry Works

The United States is the world’s top producer of oil and natural gas. Its decision to either continue at this pace or curb production to achieve its climate goals will have global consequences.

Explainers Video Filters and Cards

United States
U.S. Antitrust Policy
Antitrust law, which has evolved primarily through landmark Supreme Court cases, plays an essential role in the maintenance of efficient markets and promotion of long-term U.S. economic prosperity.
Financial Markets
The Rise of Islamic Finance
After growing to a $1 trillion asset class in Muslim countries, Islamic finance is poised for an era of globalization.
Intelligence
U.S. Domestic Surveillance
Successive U.S. administrations have sought to justify controversial domestic surveillance programs amid criticism from Congress and rights activists, explains this Backgrounder.
Arctic
The Thawing Arctic: Risks and Opportunities
Nations are reexamining their interests and capabilities in the Arctic, as climate change in the region presents new economic opportunities and security challenges.
Egypt
Security in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula has in recent years become a haven for transnational crime and Islamist militancy, posing new security challenges to Egypt and Israel.
Wars and Conflict
Balance of U.S. War Powers
There have long been disputes over the role of Congress and the president in waging military action.
Pakistan
Pakistan’s New Generation of Terrorists
Pakistan has emerged as a sanctuary for some of the world’s most violent groups, including al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and homegrown militants, that threaten the stability of Pakistan as well as the region.
Nuclear Weapons
The Six Party Talks on North Korea’s Nuclear Program
China’s recent push to renew the Six Party Talks, stalled since 2008, has raised hopes for progress on the peninsula despite worries that Pyongyang may have restarted its old nuclear reactor.
Syria
Syria’s Crisis and the Global Response
An end to Syria’s conflict seems unlikely in the near term, as a number of obstacles on and off the battlefield have stymied international diplomatic efforts, explains this Backgrounder.
Global
The Dilemma of Humanitarian Intervention
Global support for the "responsibility to protect" doctrine weakened after the UN-endorsed no-fly zone that helped topple Libya’s regime, and debate continues over the threshold for mounting armed humanitarian interventions, explains this Backgrounder.
India
Governance in India: Women’s Rights
Several high-profile sexual assault cases in India have sparked a national debate over women’s rights and the need for social reform in a rapidly modernizing country.  
Iran
Human Rights in Iran
Global monitors say Iran’s human rights situation is poor and unlikely to improve amid a climate of political uncertainty and growing external pressures. But activists urge continued international scrutiny of Iran’s violations.
Yemen
Targeted Killings
Targeted killings, especially those conducted by drone strikes, have become a central component of U.S. counterterrorism operations around the globe.
South Africa
South Africa’s Economic Fault Lines
South Africa in the post-apartheid period has registered steady growth, but mounting problems over inequality threaten the continent’s economic engine.
Infrastructure
U.S. Broadband Policy and Competitiveness
With the economic benefits of broadband access rising, experts continue to debate how U.S. digital infrastructure compares to its international peers.