Explainers

Backgrounders

Authoritative, accessible, and regularly updated primers on hundreds of foreign policy topics.

Taiwan

Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense

Differences over Taiwan’s status have fueled rising tensions between the island and the mainland. Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations.

Energy and Environment

How the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry Works

The United States is the world’s top producer of oil and natural gas. Its decision to either continue at this pace or curb production to achieve its climate goals will have global consequences.

Explainers Video Filters and Cards

United States
Human Rights Reporting and U.S. Foreign Policy
The U.S. State Department’s annual global rating of human rights performance antagonizes friend and foe alike. Many rights activists embrace the reports while some express doubts about their influence on U.S. policy.
Economic Crises
Primer: The Financial Stability Plan
A brief look at how the U.S. government plans to use taxpayer funds and other incentives to cleanse the balance sheets of banks and revitalize credit markets.
Conflict Prevention
The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border
The contentious border between Pakistan and Afghanistan remains a site of major conflict, and houses some of the world’s most dangerous militants.
United States
Missile Defense Technology
U.S. missile defense in the twenty-first century is focused on emerging threats from North Korea and Iran, but critics say these systems are too costly and largely unproven.
United States
Debating a ’Clean Coal’ Future
As U.S. lawmakers debate a cap-and-trade policy to combat climate change, experts say coal will continue to be a major part of the world’s energy mix, which will likely complicate efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.  
Economic Crises
G-20 Policy Priorities
April’s G-20 summit has been billed as a forum for producing a "global New Deal." Experts say policymakers should focus on stopping financial turmoil before tackling long-term regulatory reforms.
France
French Military Strategy and NATO Reintegration
France’s move to rejoin NATO’s integrated military command structure reflects a shift in French strategic thinking about new reliance on allies and diminished projection of unilateral power abroad.
Race and Ethnicity
Pakistan’s Fragile Foundations
Beset by increased terror attacks and political infighting, Pakistan’s viability as a state is a matter of increasing concern. Experts call for reforming weak civil institutions, resolving ethnic disputes, and checking the power of the military.
Economic Crises
The U.S. Economic Stimulus Plan
President Obama has signed one of the largest rescue packages since the Great Depression to revive the U.S. economy. Economists warn of the need to keep spending targeted, timely, and temporary.
Israel
Israel’s Political System
A brief overview of the Israeli political system.
Intelligence
Dennis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence
Retired Adm. Dennis C. Blair, President Obama’s director of national intelligence, is a former commander of the U.S. Pacific Command with long military experience.
Venezuela
Venezuela’s Oil-Based Economy
Venezuela is trying to develop new markets for its oil at a time of increasing friction with its main customer, the United States. But a significant short-term shift in oil relations between Venezuela and the United States is unlikely.
Iraq
Iraq’s Political Landscape
Iraq’s provincial elections provide signals about the maturity of the country’s political system, as well as highlight new power brokers in the provinces.
Defense and Security
China’s Military Power
China’s growing military capabilities pose a concern for U.S. security interests. Experts say the United States must push for greater engagement with China’s military to reduce the potential for misunderstandings.
Immigration and Migration
Janet Napolitano, Homeland Security Secretary
Janet Napolitano, experienced in federal law enforcement and immigration issues, has been selected for secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.