Explainers

Backgrounders

Authoritative, accessible, and regularly updated primers on hundreds of foreign policy topics.

Taiwan

Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense

Differences over Taiwan’s status have fueled rising tensions between the island and the mainland. Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations.

Energy and Environment

How the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry Works

The United States is the world’s top producer of oil and natural gas. Its decision to either continue at this pace or curb production to achieve its climate goals will have global consequences.

Explainers Video Filters and Cards

Economics
Is Industrial Policy Making a Comeback?
The threat of climate change and the rise of China have prompted renewed debate about the U.S. government’s role in shaping the economy.
United Nations
What Is the UN General Assembly?
The General Assembly hosts a much-watched debate of world leaders annually. Its 2023 meeting is expected to emphasize climate change, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, and the war in Ukraine.
Latin America
How the Caribbean Is Building Climate Resilience
The Caribbean is already bearing the brunt of climate change. Governments in the region are taking steps to combat it, but are they enough?
United Nations
The Role of the UN Secretary-General
The United Nations’ top leadership position has broad authority to steer the organization’s agenda, but its impact has varied widely since 1946.
United States
The Dollar: The World’s Reserve Currency
The dollar’s role as the primary reserve currency for the global economy allows the United States to borrow money more easily and impose painful financial sanctions. Other countries are beginning to consider alternatives.
Latin America
Central America’s Turbulent Northern Triangle
The United States continues to seek strategies for responding to the growing number of migrants fleeing poverty, violence, and other challenges in the Central American region.
Middle East and North Africa
What Is U.S. Policy on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?
The United States has long tried to negotiate a resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but several factors, including deep divisions between and within the parties and declining U.S. interest in carrying out its traditional honest-broker role, have hurt the chances of a peace deal.
Middle East and North Africa
Turkey’s Growing Foreign Policy Ambitions
Turkey’s geography and membership in NATO have long given the country an influential voice in foreign policy, but the assertive policies of President Erdogan have complicated its role.
United States
What Happens When the U.S. Hits Its Debt Ceiling?
U.S. lawmakers have increasingly used the debt ceiling to re-litigate congressional spending, risking default and sparking debate over whether to abolish the ceiling.
Infrastructure
How U.S. Aviation Infrastructure Works
Civil aviation plays a crucial role in the U.S. transportation network and economy. Ongoing turbulence from the COVID-19 pandemic, underinvestment in infrastructure, and climate change are clouding its future.
China
China’s Growing Influence in Latin America
For more than two decades, China has developed close economic and security ties with many Latin American countries, including Brazil and Venezuela. But Beijing’s growing sway in the region has raised concerns in Washington and beyond.
United States
U.S. Temporary Foreign Worker Visa Programs
The United States accepts hundreds of thousands of foreign workers each year in a variety of industries. Persistent U.S. labor shortages and accusations of abuse have reenergized the debate over the scale of these programs.  
United States
The U.S. Immigration Debate
Comprehensive immigration reform has eluded Congress for years. With border crossings at a record high, how are policymakers responding?
Middle East and North Africa
The Arab League
Founded as a loose confederation of states in 1945, the Arab League has struggled to overcome dysfunction and disunity among its members.
United States
What Is the Dodd-Frank Act?
The Dodd-Frank Act is one of the most significant U.S. regulatory reforms since the Great Depression. The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank has rekindled the debate over banking regulation.