On June 9, ISWA killed eighty-one people, abducted seven, and stole hundreds of cattle before setting the village ablaze.These recent incidents could be the beginning of a new chapter in ISWA violence, with Muslim civilians as legitimate targets.

On August 2, 2019, journalist Samuel Ajiekah Abuwe—better known as Wazizi—was arrested and detained by government forces in Buea, Cameroon. This month, it was reported that he had died in government custody. International, AU, UN mediation is needed.

South Africa has long been a cornerstone of Iran’s South-South strategy, which aims to strengthen ties with African and South American states. Strongly promoted by President Ahmadinejad, the South-South strategy intends to boost Iranian international credibility and promote trade. The Islamic Republic was one of the first countries to resume trade with South Africa following the end of apartheid, and the two countries have enjoyed strong relations ever since.

On November 10, Rwandan security forces shot dead two Ugandan nationals accused of smuggling tobacco across the border. Smuggling has become more common after Rwanda closed its border with Uganda in late February amidst a dispute between Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and Rwandan President Paul Kagame.