Kaduna is increasingly the epicenter of violence in Nigeria, rivaling Borno state, the home turf of Boko Haram. In rural areas, conflicts over water and land use are escalating, and Ansaru, a less prominent Islamist group, is active.

The African diaspora sends more money to Africa than U.S. foreign aid and foreign direct investment. Petit Senegal is filled with thriving, tax-paying businesses owned and operated Africans, whose remittances fund investments in communities back home.